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| MCP73123/223 Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Battery Charge Management Controller with Input Overvoltage Protection Features * Complete Linear Charge Management Controller: - Integrated Input Overvoltage Protection - Integrated Pass Transistor - Integrated Current Sense - Integrated Reverse Discharge Protection * Constant Current/Constant Voltage Operation with Thermal Regulation * 4.15V Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) * 18V Absolute Maximum Input with OVP: - 6.5V - MCP73123 - 13V - MCP73223 * High Accuracy Preset Voltage Regulation Through Full Temperature Range (-5C to +55C): - +0.5% - MCP73123 - +0.6% - MCP73223 * Battery Charge Voltage Options: - 3.6V - MCP73123 - 7.2V - MCP73223 * Resistor Programmable Fast Charge Current: - 130 mA - 1100 mA * Preconditioning of Deeply Depleted Cells: - Available Options: 10% or Disable * Integrated Precondition Timer: - 32 Minutes or Disable * Automatic End-of-Charge Control: - Selectable Minimum Current Ratio: 5%, 7.5%, 10% or 20% - Elapse Safety Timer: 4 HR, 6 HR, 8 HR or Disable * Automatic Recharge: - Available Options: 95% or Disable * Factory Preset Charge Status Output: - On/Off or Flashing * Soft Start * Temperature Range: -40C to +85C * Packaging: DFN-10 (3 mm x 3 mm) Description The MCP73123/223 is a highly integrated Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) battery charge management controller for use in space-limited and cost-sensitive applications. The MCP73123/223 provides specific charge algorithms for LiFePO4 batteries to achieve optimal capacity and safety in the shortest charging time possible. Along with its small physical size, the low number of external components makes the MCP73123/223 ideally suitable for various applications. The absolute maximum voltage, up to 18V, allows the use of MCP73123/223 in harsh environments, such as low cost AC adapter or voltage spikes from plugging/unplugging. The MCP73123/223 employs a constant current/ constant voltage charge algorithm. The 3.6V per cell factory preset reference voltage simplifies design with 2V preconditioning threshold. The fast charge, constant current value is set with one external resistor from 130 mA to 1100 mA. The MCP73123/223 also limits the charge current based on die temperature during high power or high ambient conditions. This thermal regulation optimizes the charge cycle time while maintaining device reliability. The PROG pin of the MCP73123/223 also serves as enable pin. When high impedance is applied, the MCP73123/223 will be in Standby mode. The MCP73123/223 is fully specified over the ambient temperature range of -40C to +85C. The MCP73123/ 223 is available in a 10 lead DFN package. Package Types (Top View) MCP73123/223 3x3 DFN * VDD 1 VDD 2 VBAT 3 VBAT 4 NC 5 EP 11 10 PROG 9 VSS 8 VSS 7 STAT 6 NC Applications * * * * Low-Cost LiFePO4 Battery Chargers Power Tools Toys Backup Energy Storage Solutions * Includes Exposed Thermal Pad (EP); see Table 3-1. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 1 MCP73123/223 Typical Application MCP73123 Typical Application AC-DC Adapter 1 VDD VBAT VBAT PROG VSS VSS 3 4 4.7 F STAT 10 1.15 k + 1-Cell LiFePO4 Battery 2 VDD 4.7 F 7 1 k 5 NC 6 NC 9 8 TABLE 1: Charge Voltage 3.6V 7.2V Note 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: OVP 6.5V 13V AVAILABLE FACTORY PRESET OPTIONS Preconditioning Charge Current Disable/10% Disable/10% Preconditioning Threshold 2V 4V Precondition Timer Disable / 32 Minimum Disable / 32 Minimum Elapse Timer Disable/4 hr./ 6 hr./8 hr. Disable/4 hr./ 6 hr./8 hr. End-ofCharge Control 5%/7.5%/ 10%/20% 5%/7.5%/ 10%/20% Automatic Recharge No / Yes No / Yes Output Status Type 1/ Type 2 Type 1/ Type 2 IREG: Regulated fast charge current. VREG: Regulated charge voltage. IPREG/IREG: Preconditioning charge current; ratio of regulated fast charge current. ITERM/IREG: End-of-Charge control; ratio of regulated fast charge current. VRTH/VREG: Recharge threshold; ratio of regulated battery voltage. VPTH/VREG: Preconditioning threshold voltage. Type 1: On/Off; Type 2: Flashing. Please refer to Table 5-2. TABLE 2: Part Number STANDARD SAMPLE OPTIONS VREG 3.6V 3.6V 7.2V 7.2V OVP 6.5V 6.5V 13V 13V IPREG/IREG 10% 10% 10% 10% Pre-charge Timer 32 Min. 32 Min. 32 Min. 32 Min. Elapse Timer 6 hr. 6 hr. 6 hr. 6 hr. ITERM/IREG VRTH/VREG VPTH/VREG 10% 10% 10% 10% 95% 0% 95% 0% 2V 2V 4V 4V Output Status Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 Type 1 MCP73123-22S/MF MCP73123-22A/MF MCP73223-C2S/MF MCP73223-C2A/MF Note 1: 2: Customers should contact their distributor, representatives or field application engineer (FAE) for support and samples. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document. Technical support is available through the web site at: http//support.microchip.com. Contact your local Microchip sales office for alternative device options. DS22191C-page 2 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 Functional Block Diagram VOREG Direction Control Current Limit VDD VBAT + VREF - PROG Reference, VREF (1.21V) Bias, UVLO, and SHDN VOREG UVLO + + - CA Precondition Term + STAT Charge Control, Timer, and Status Logic Charge + - VDD Input OverVP *Recharge + 110C TSD Thermal Regulation *Only available on selected options 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. - - + - + + VA 6.5V/13V VSS 95% VREG VBAT DS22191C-page 3 MCP73123/223 NOTES: DS22191C-page 4 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 1.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Notice: Stresses above those listed under "Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Absolute Maximum Ratings VDD ................................................................................18.0V VPROG ..............................................................................6.0V All Inputs and Outputs w.r.t. VSS ............... -0.3 to (VDD+0.3)V Maximum Junction Temperature, TJ ............ Internally Limited Storage temperature .....................................-65C to +150C ESD protection on all pins Human Body Model (1.5 k in Series with 100 pF)4 kV Machine Model (200pF, No Series Resistance) ..............300V DC CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD= [VREG(Typical) + 0.3V] to 12V, TA = -40C to +85C. Typical values are at +25C, VDD = [VREG (Typical) + 1.0V] Parameters Supply Input Input Voltage Range Operating Supply Voltage Operating Supply Voltage Supply Current VDD VDD VDD ISS 4 4.2 4.2 -- -- -- -- Battery Discharge Current Output Reverse Leakage Current IDISCHARGE -- -- -- Undervoltage Lockout UVLO Start Threshold UVLO Stop Threshold UVLO Hysteresis Overvoltage Protection OVP Start Threshold OVP Start Threshold OVP Hysteresis Regulated Output Voltage Output Voltage Tolerance Regulated Output Voltage Output Voltage Tolerance Line Regulation VOVP VOVP VOVPHYS VREG VRTOL VREG VRTOL VBAT/ VBAT)/VDD| 6.4 12.8 -- 3.582 -0.5 7.157 -0.6 -- 6.5 13 150 3.60 -- 7.20 -- 0.05 6.6 13.2 -- 3.618 +0.5 7.243 +0.6 0.20 V V mV V % V % %/V TA= -5C to +55C, IOUT = 50 mA - MCP73123 TA= -5C to +55C TA= -5C to +55C, IOUT = 50 mA - MCP73123 TA= -5C to +55C VDD = [VREG(Typical)+1V] to 6V - MCP73123 VDD = [VREG(Typical)+1V] to 12V - MCP73223 IOUT = 50 mA IOUT = 50 mA - 150 mA VDD = [VREG(Typical)+1V] MCP73123 MCP73223 VSTART VSTOP VHYS 4.10 4.00 -- 4.15 4.05 100 4.25 4.15 -- V V mV 0.5 0.5 6 2 2 17 A A A Standby (PROG Floating) Shutdown (VDD VBAT, or VDD VSTOP) Charge Complete; VDD is present -- -- -- 4 700 30 50 16 6.5 13.0 5.5 1500 100 150 V V V A A A A MCP73123 MCP73223 Shutdown (VDD VBAT - 150 mV) Charging Standby (PROG Floating) Charge Complete; No Battery; VDD VSTOP Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions Voltage Regulation (Constant Voltage Mode) Load Regulation Note 1: VBAT/VBAT| -- 0.05 0.20 % Not production tested. Ensured by design. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 5 MCP73123/223 DC CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED) Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD= [VREG(Typical) + 0.3V] to 12V, TA = -40C to +85C. Typical values are at +25C, VDD = [VREG (Typical) + 1.0V] Parameters Supply Ripple Attenuation Battery Short Protection BSP Start Threshold BSP Start Threshold BSP Hysteresis BSP Regulation Current Fast Charge Current Regulation VSHORT VSHORT VBSPHYS ISHORT IREG -- -- -- -- 130 117 900 Precondition Current Ratio IPREG//IREG -- -- Precondition Voltage Threshold Ratio Precondition Hysteresis Charge Termination Charge Termination Current Ratio ITERM/IREG 3.7 5.6 7.5 15 Automatic Recharge Recharge Voltage Threshold Ratio VRTH/VREG 93 -- RDSON ISINK VOL ILK RPROG RPROG VPROG VPDENTRY VPDEXIT -- -- -- -- 1 -- 0 VBAT + 10 mV -- 95 0 350 20 0.2 0.001 -- 200 -- VBAT + 50 mV VBAT + 150 mV 150 10 97 -- -- 35 0.5 1 21 -- 5 -- VBAT + 250 mV -- -- m mA V A k k V V V VDD Falling VDD Rising Impedance for Shutdown ISINK = 4 mA High Impedance, VDD on pin % VBAT High-to-Low No Automatic Recharge 5 7.5 10 20 6.3 9.4 12.5 25 % PROG = 1 kto 10 k TA=-5C to +55C VPTH VPTH VPHYS 1.9 3.8 -- 1.45 2.90 150 25 -- 130 1000 10 100 2.0 4.0 100 -- -- -- -- 1100 143 1100 -- -- 2.1 4.2 -- V V mV mA mA mA mA % % V V mV TA=-5C to +55C PROG = 10 k PROG = 1.1 k PROG = 1 kto 10 k TA=-5C to +55C No Preconditioning MCP73123, VBAT Low-to-High MCP73223, VBAT Low-to-High VBAT High-to-Low (Note 1) MCP73123 MCP73223 Sym PSRR Min -- -- Typ -46 -30 Max -- -- Units dB dB Conditions IOUT = 20 mA, 10 Hz to 1 kHz IOUT = 20 mA, 10 Hz to 10 kHz Current Regulation (Fast Charge, Constant-Current Mode) Preconditioning Current Regulation (Trickle Charge Constant Current Mode) Pass Transistor ON-Resistance ON-Resistance Status Indicator - STAT Sink Current Low Output Voltage Input Leakage Current PROG Input Charge Impedance Range Shutdown Impedance PROG Voltage Range Automatic Power Down Automatic Power Down Entry Threshold Automatic Power Down Exit Threshold Thermal Shutdown Die Temperature Die Temperature Hysteresis Note 1: TSD TSDHYS -- -- C C VDD = 4.5V, TJ = 105C (Note 1) Not production tested. Ensured by design. DS22191C-page 6 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 AC CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise specified, all limits apply for VDD= [VREG(Typical)+0.3V] to 6V, TA=-40C to +85C. Typical values are at +25C, VDD= [VREG(Typical)+1.0V] Parameters Elapsed Timer Elapsed Timer Period tELAPSED -- 3.6 5.4 7.2 Preconditioning Timer Preconditioning Timer Period Status Indicator Status Output turn-off Status Output turn-on, tOFF tON -- -- -- -- 500 500 s ISINK = 1 mA to 0 mA (Note 1) ISINK = 0 mA to 1 mA (Note 1) tPRECHG -- 0.4 0 0.5 -- 0.6 Hours Hours Disabled Timer 0 4.0 6.0 8.0 -- 4.4 6.6 8.8 Hours Hours Hours Hours Timer Disabled Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions Note 1: Not production tested. Ensured by design. TEMPERATURE SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Specifications: Unless otherwise indicated, all limits apply for VDD = [VREG (Typical) + 0.3V] to 6V. Typical values are at +25C, VDD = [VREG (Typical) + 1.0V] Parameters Temperature Ranges Specified Temperature Range Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Thermal Package Resistances Thermal Resistance, DFN-10 (3x3) JA -- 43 -- C/W 4-Layer JC51-7 Standard Board, Natural Convection TA TJ TA -40 -40 -65 -- -- -- +85 +125 +150 C C C Sym Min Typ Max Units Conditions 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 7 MCP73123/223 NOTES: DS22191C-page 8 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 2.0 Note: TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES The graphs and tables provided following this note are a statistical summary based on a limited number of samples and are provided for informational purposes only. The performance characteristics listed herein are not tested or guaranteed. In some graphs or tables, the data presented may be outside the specified operating range (e.g., outside specified power supply range) and therefore outside the warranted range. Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG (Typical) + 1V], IOUT = 50 mA and TA= +25C, Constant Voltage mode. 3.66 3.65 3.64 3.63 3.62 3.61 3.60 3.59 3.58 3.57 3.56 3.55 4.5 Battery Regulation Voltage (V) Battery Regulation Voltage (V) 7.24 7.23 7.22 7.21 7.20 7.19 7.18 7.17 7.16 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Ambient Temperature (C) ILOAD = 50 mA VDD = 9.2V ILOAD = 150 mA VBAT = 3.6V TA = +25C 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 Supply Voltage (V) FIGURE 2-1: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). Battery Regulation Voltage (V) 3.65 3.64 3.63 3.62 3.61 3.60 3.59 3.58 3.57 3.56 3.55 4.5 FIGURE 2-4: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). Battery Regulation Voltage (V) 3.620 3.615 3.610 3.605 3.600 3.595 3.590 3.585 3.580 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Ambient Temperature (C) ILOAD = 150 mA VDD = 5.2V ILOAD = 50 mA VBAT = 3.6V TA = +25C 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 Supply Voltage (V) FIGURE 2-2: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). Battery Regulation Voltage (V) 7.24 7.22 7.21 7.20 7.19 7.18 7.17 7.16 8.4 9.0 9.6 10.2 10.8 11.4 12.0 Supply Voltage (V) ILOAD = 50 mA VBAT = 7.2V TA = +25C FIGURE 2-5: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Charge Current (mA) 7.23 VDD = 5.2V TA = +25C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920 Programming Resistor (k) FIGURE 2-3: Battery Regulation Voltage (VBAT) vs. Supply Voltage (VDD). FIGURE 2-6: Charge Current (IOUT) vs. Programming Resistor (RPROG). 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 9 MCP73123/223 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONTINUED) Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG (Typical) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25C, Constant Voltage mode. 950 930 910 890 870 850 830 810 790 770 750 4.5 RPROG = 1.33 k TA = +25C 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 150 144 138 132 126 120 114 108 102 96 90 4.5 Charge Current (mA) Fast Charge (mA) RPROG = 10 k TA = +25C 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 Supply Voltage (V) Supply Voltage (V) FIGURE 2-7: Charge Current (IOUT) vs. Programming Resistor (RPROG). 675 655 635 615 595 575 555 535 515 495 475 FIGURE 2-10: Charge Current (IOUT) vs. Programming Resistor (RPROG). 950 930 Charge Current (mA) 910 890 870 850 830 810 790 770 750 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 Ambient Temperature (C) RPROG = 1.33 k VDD = 5.2V Charge Current (mA) RPROG = 2 k TA = +25C 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 Supply Voltage (V) FIGURE 2-8: Charge Current (IOUT) vs. Programming Resistor (RPROG). 350 330 310 290 270 250 230 210 190 170 150 4.5 FIGURE 2-11: Charge Current (IOUT) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 End of Charge 4.0 3.0 2.0 VDD < VBAT 1.0 0.0 VDD < VSTOP -1.0 -5.0 5.0 15.0 RPROG = 5 k TA = +25C 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 Discharge Current (uA) Charge Current (mA) 25.0 35.0 45.0 55.0 Supply Voltage (V) Ambient Temperature (C) FIGURE 2-9: Charge Current (IOUT) vs. Programming Resistor (RPROG). FIGURE 2-12: Output Leakage Current (IDISCHARGE) vs. Ambient Temperature (TA). DS22191C-page 10 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONTINUED) Note: Unless otherwise indicated, VDD = [VREG (Typical) + 1V], IOUT = 10 mA and TA= +25C, Constant Voltage mode. 7.0 Thermal Regulation Battery Voltage (V) Input Voltage Battery Voltage 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time (Minutes) 60 70 VDD = 5V RPROG = 1 k 1100 mAh LiFePO4 Battery 0.2 0.1 0 FIGURE 2-13: (50 ms/Div). Overvoltage Protection Start FIGURE 2-16: Complete Charge Cycle (1100 mAh LiFePO4 Battery). Input Voltage Source Voltage (V) Battery Voltage Charge Current Output Ripple (mV) FIGURE 2-14: (50 ms/Div). Overvoltage Protection Stop FIGURE 2-17: Line Transient Response (ILOAD = 10 mA, Source Voltage: 2V/Div, Output Ripple: 100 mV/Div, Time: 100 s/Div). Output Ripple (mV) Output Current (mA) Source Voltage (V) Output Ripple (mV) FIGURE 2-15: Load Transient Response (ILOAD = 50 mA, Output Ripple: 100 mV/Div, Output Current: 50 mA/Div, Time: 100 s/Div). FIGURE 2-18: Line Transient Response (ILOAD = 100 mA, Source Voltage: 2V/Div, Output Ripple: 100 mV/Div, Time: 100 s/Div). 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 11 Supply Current (A) Charge Current 6.0 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 MCP73123/223 NOTES: DS22191C-page 12 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 3.0 PIN DESCRIPTION The descriptions of the pins are listed in Table 3-1. TABLE 3-1: MCP73123/223 DFN-10 1, 2 3, 4 5, 6 7 8, 9 10 11 PIN FUNCTION TABLE Symbol VDD VBAT NC STAT VSS PROG EP I/O I I/O -- O -- I/O -- Description Battery Management Input Supply Battery Charge Control Output No Connection Battery Charge Status Output Battery Management 0V Reference Battery Charge Current Regulation Program and Charge Control Enable Exposed Pad 3.1 Battery Management Input Supply (VDD) 3.5 Battery Management 0V Reference (VSS) A supply voltage of [VREG (Typical) + 0.3V] to 6.0V is recommended for MCP73123, while a supply voltage of [VREG (Typical) + 0.3V] to 12.0V is recommended for MCP73223. Bypass to VSS with a minimum of 1 F. The VDD pin is rated 18V absolute maximum to prevent sudden rise of input voltage from spikes or low cost AC-DC wall adapter. Connect to the negative terminal of the battery and input supply. 3.6 Current Regulation Set (PROG) The fast charge current is set by placing a resistor from PROG to VSS during constant current (CC) mode. PROG pin also serves as charge control enable. When a typical 200 k impedance is applied to PROG pin, the MCP73123/223 is disabled until the high impedance is removed. Refer to Section 5.5 "Constant Current Mode - Fast Charge" for details. 3.2 Battery Charge Control Output (VBAT) Connect to the positive terminal of the battery. Bypass to VSS with a minimum of 1 F to ensure loop stability when the battery is disconnected. The MCP73123 is designed to provide 3.6V battery regulation voltage for LiFePO4 batteries. Undercharge may occur if a typical Li-Ion or Li-Poly battery is used. 3.7 Exposed Pad (EP) 3.3 No Connect (NC) No connect. 3.4 Status Output (STAT) The Exposed Thermal Pad (EP) shall be connected to the exposed copper area on the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) for the thermal enhancement. Additional vias on the copper area under the MCP73123/223 device can improve the performance of heat dissipation and simplify the assembly process. Connecting EP to VSS is recommended. STAT is an open-drain logic output for connection to an LED for charge status indication in stand-alone applications. Alternatively, a pull-up resistor can be applied for interfacing to a host microcontroller. Refer to Table 5-1 for a summary of the status output during a charge cycle. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 13 MCP73123/223 NOTES: DS22191C-page 14 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 4.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW The MCP73123/223 are simple, but fully integrated linear charge management controllers. Figure 4-1 depicts the operational flow algorithm. SHUTDOWN MODE VDD < VUVLO VDD < VPD or PROG > 200 k STAT = Hi-Z VBAT < VPTH VDD < VOVP PRECONDITIONING MODE Charge Current = IPREG STAT = LOW Timer Reset Timer Enable VBAT > VPTH Timer Expired TIMER FAULT No Charge Current STAT = Hi-Z (Type 1) STAT = Flashing (Type 2) Timer Suspended VDD > VOVP VDD > VOVP VBAT > VPTH OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION No Charge Current STAT = Hi-Z Timer Suspended FAST CHARGE MODE Charge Current = IREG STAT = LOW Timer Reset Timer Enabled Timer Expired VBAT < VRTH TIMER FAULT No Charge Current STAT = Hi-Z (Type 1) STAT = Flashing (Type 2) Timer Suspended VDD > VOVP VDD < VOVP VBAT = VREG VDD < VOVP CONSTANT VOLTAGE MODE Charge Voltage = VREG STAT = LOW VBAT < ITERM Die Temperature < TSDHYS Charge Mode Resume CHARGE COMPLETE MODE No Charge Current STAT = Hi-Z Timer Reset VBAT > VSHORT Charge Mode Resume Die Temperature > TSD VBAT < VSHORT TEMPERATURE FAULT No Charge Current STAT = Hi-Z (Type 1) STAT = Flashing (Type 2) Timer Suspended BATTERY SHORT PROTECTION Charge Current = ISHORT STAT = Hi-Z (Type 1) STAT = Flashing (Type 2) Timer Suspended FIGURE 4-1: The MCP73123/223 Flow Chart. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 15 MCP73123/223 NOTES: DS22191C-page 16 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 5.0 5.1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) 5.3.2 BATTERY CHARGE CONTROL OUTPUT (VBAT) An internal undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit monitors the input voltage and keeps the charger in Shutdown mode until the input supply rises above the UVLO threshold. In the event a battery is present when the input power is applied, the input supply must rise approximately 150 mV above the battery voltage before the MCP73123/223 becomes operational. The UVLO circuit places the device in shutdown mode if the input supply falls to approximately 150 mV above the battery voltage.The UVLO circuit is always active. At any time, the input supply is below the UVLO threshold or approximately 150 mV of the voltage at the VBAT pin, the MCP73123/223 device is placed in a Shutdown mode. The battery charge control output is the drain terminal of an internal P-channel MOSFET. The MCP73123/223 provides constant current and voltage regulation to the battery pack by controlling this MOSFET in the linear region. The battery charge control output should be connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack. 5.3.3 BATTERY DETECTION The MCP73123/223 detects the battery presence with charging of the output capacitor. The charge flow will initiate when the voltage on VBAT is pulled below the Refer to Section 1.0 VRECHARGE threshold. "Electrical Characteristics" for VRECHARGE values. The value will be the same for non-rechargeable device. When VBAT > VREG + Hysteresis, the charge will be suspended or not started, depending on the condition, to prevent overcharge that may occur. 5.2 Overvoltage Protection (OVP) An internal overvoltage protection (OVP) circuit monitors the input voltage and keeps the charger in shutdown mode when the input supply rises above the OVP threshold. The hysteresis of OVP is approximately 150 mV for the MCP73123/223 device. The MCP73123/223 device is operational between UVLO and OVP threshold. The OVP circuit is also recognized as an overvoltage lockout (OVLO). 5.4 Preconditioning If the voltage at the VBAT pin is less than the preconditioning threshold, the MCP73123/223 device enters a preconditioning mode. The preconditioning threshold is factory set. Refer to Section 1.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for preconditioning threshold options. In this mode, the MCP73123/223 device supplies 10% of the fast charge current (established with the value of the resistor connected to the PROG pin) to the battery. When the voltage at the VBAT pin rises above the preconditioning threshold, the MCP73123/223 device enters the Constant Current (Fast Charge) mode. Note: The MCP73123/223 also offers options with no preconditioning. 5.3 Charge Qualification When the input power is applied, the input supply must rise 150 mV above the battery voltage before the MCP73123/223 becomes operational. The automatic power down circuit places the device in a shutdown mode if the input supply falls to within +50 mV of the battery voltage. The automatic circuit is always active. At any time the input supply is within +50 mV of the voltage at the VBAT pin, the MCP73123/223 is placed in a Shutdown mode. For a charge cycle to begin, the automatic power down conditions must be met and the charge enable input must be above the input high threshold. Note: In order to extend the battery cycle life, the charge will initiate only when battery voltage is below 3.4V per cell. 5.4.1 TIMER EXPIRED DURING PRECONDITIONING MODE If the internal timer expires before the voltage threshold is reached for fast charge mode, a timer fault is indicated and the charge cycle terminates. The MCP73123/223 device remains in this condition until the battery is removed or input power is cycled. If the battery is removed, the MCP73123/223 device enters the Standby mode, where it remains until a battery is reinserted. Note: The typical preconditioning timer for MCP73123/223 is 32 minutes. The MCP73123/223 also offers options with no preconditioning timer. 5.3.1 BATTERY MANAGEMENT INPUT SUPPLY (VDD) The VDD input is the input supply to the MCP73123/ 223. The MCP73123/223 automatically enters a Power-down mode if the voltage on the VDD input falls to within +50 mV of the battery voltage. This feature prevents draining the battery pack when the VDD supply is not present. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 17 MCP73123/223 5.5 Constant Current Mode - Fast Charge Constant Current mode is maintained until the voltage at the VBAT pin reaches the regulation voltage, VREG. When Constant Current mode is invoked, the internal timer is reset. During the Constant Current mode, the programmed charge current is supplied to the battery or load. The charge current is established using a single resistor from PROG to VSS. The program resistor and the charge current are calculated using Equation 5-1 and Equation 5-2. 5.5.1 TIMER EXPIRED DURING CONSTANT CURRENT - FAST CHARGE MODE EQUATION 5-1: I REG = 1104 R Where: RPROG IREG = = kilo-ohms (k) milliampere (mA) - 0.93 If the internal timer expires before the recharge voltage threshold is reached, a timer fault is indicated and the charge cycle terminates. The MCP73123/223 device remains in this condition until the battery is removed. If the battery is removed or input power is cycled, the MCP73123/223 device enters the Standby mode, where it remains until a battery is reinserted. 5.6 Constant Voltage Mode EQUATION 5-2: R PROG = 10 Where: RPROG IREG = = kilo-ohms (k) milliampere (mA) log 1104 - 0.93 When the voltage at the VBAT pin reaches the regulation voltage, VREG, constant voltage regulation begins. The regulation voltage is factory set to 3.6V for a single cell, with a tolerance of 0.5%; or 7.2V for dual cells, with a tolerance of 0.6%. 5.7 Charge Termination Table 5-1 provides commonly seen E96 (1%) and E24 (5%) resistors for various charge current to reduce design time. TABLE 5-1: RESISTOR LOOKUP TABLE Charge Recommended Recommended Current (mA) E96 Resistor () E24 Resistor () 130 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 10k 8.45k 6.20k 4.99k 4.02k 3.40k 3.00k 2.61k 2.32k 2.10k 1.91k 1.78k 1.62k 1.50k 1.40k 1.33k 1.24k 1.18k 1.10k 1.00k 10k 8.20k 6.20k 5.10k 3.90k 3.30k 3.00k 2.70k 2.37k 2.20k 2.00k 1.80k 1.60k 1.50k 1.50k 1.30k 1.20k 1.20k 1.10k 1.00k The charge cycle is terminated when, during Constant Voltage mode, the average charge current diminishes below a threshold established with the value of 5%, 7.5%, 10% or 20% of fast charge current or internal timer has expired. A 1 ms filter time on the termination comparator ensures that transient load conditions do not result in premature charge cycle termination. The timer period is factory set and can be disabled. Refer to Section 1.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for timer period options. 5.8 Automatic Recharge The MCP73123/223 device continuously monitors the voltage at the VBAT pin in the charge complete mode. If the voltage drops below the recharge threshold, another charge cycle begins and current is once again supplied to the battery or load. The recharge threshold is factory set. Refer to Section 1.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for recharge threshold options. Note: The MCP73123/223 also offer options with no automatic recharge. For the MCP73123/223 device with no recharge option, the MCP73123/223 will go into Standby mode when the termination condition is met. The charge will not restart until the following conditions have been met: * Battery is removed from the system and inserted again * VDD is removed and plugged in again * RPROG is disconnected (or high impedance) and reconnected DS22191C-page 18 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 5.9 Thermal Regulation 5.11 Status Indicator The MCP73123/223 limits the charge current, based on the die temperature. This thermal regulation optimizes the charge cycle time while maintaining device reliability. Figure 5-1 depicts the thermal regulation for the MCP73123/223 device. Refer to Section 1.0 "Electrical Characteristics" for thermal package resistances and Section 6.1.1.2 "Thermal Considerations" for calculating power dissipation. . The charge status outputs are open-drain outputs with two different states: Low (L) and High Impedance (Hi-Z). The charge status outputs can be used to illuminate LEDs. Optionally, the charge status outputs can be used as an interface to a host microcontroller. Table 5-2 summarizes the state of the status outputs during a charge cycle. TABLE 5-2: STATUS OUTPUTS STAT Hi-Z Hi-Z L L L Hi-Z 1.6 second 50% DC Flashing (Type 2) Hi-Z (Type 1) 1.6 second 50% DC Flashing (Type 2) Hi-Z (Type 1) 1.6 second 50% DC Flashing (Type 2) Hi-Z (Type 1) 600 Charge Current (mA) 500 400 300 200 100 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 Junction Temperature (C) VDD = 5.2V RPROG = 2 k CHARGE CYCLE STATE Shutdown Standby Preconditioning Constant Current Fast Charge Constant Voltage Charge Complete - Standby Temperature Fault FIGURE 5-1: Thermal Regulation. Timer Fault 5.10 Thermal Shutdown Preconditioning Timer Fault The MCP73123/223 suspends charge if the die temperature exceeds +150C. Charging will be resumed when the die temperature has cooled by approximately 10C. This thermal shutdown is a secondary safety feature in the event that there is a failure within the thermal regulation circuitry. 5.12 Battery Short Protection When a lithium iron phosphate battery is detected, an internal battery short protection (BSP) circuit starts monitoring the battery voltage. When VBAT falls below a typical 1.7V battery short protection threshold voltage per cell, the charging behavior is postponed. 25 mA (typical) detection current is supplied for recovering from the battery short condition. Preconditioning mode resumes when VBAT rises above battery short protection threshold. The battery voltage must rise approximately 150 mV above the battery short protection voltage before the MCP73123/223 device becomes operational. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 19 MCP73123/223 NOTES: DS22191C-page 20 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 6.0 APPLICATIONS The MCP73123/223 is designed to operate in conjunction with a host microcontroller or in stand-alone applications. The MCP73123/223 provides the preferred charge algorithm for lithium iron phosphate cells, Constant Current mode followed by Constant Voltage mode. Figure 6-1 depicts a typical stand-alone application circuit, while Figure 6-2 depicts the accompanying charge profile. MCP73123 Typical Application AC-DC Adapter 1 VDD VBAT VBAT PROG VSS 3 4 4.7 F STAT 10 9 1.15 k + 1-Cell LiFePO4 Battery 2 VDD 4.7 F 7 1 k 5 NC 6 NC VSS 8 FIGURE 6-1: 7.0 Typical Application Circuit. 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 60 70 Thermal Regulation 6.0 Battery Voltage (V) 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time (Minutes) VDD = 5V RPROG = 1 k 1100 mAh LiFePO4 Battery FIGURE 6-2: Typical Charge Profile for Single-Cell LiFePO4 Battery). 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Supply Current (A) DS22191C-page 21 MCP73123/223 6.1 Application Circuit Design Due to the low efficiency of linear charging, the most important factors are thermal design and cost, which are a direct function of the input voltage, output current and thermal impedance between the battery charger and the ambient cooling air. The worst-case situation is when the device has transitioned from the Preconditioning mode to the Constant Current mode. In this situation, the battery charger has to dissipate the maximum power. A trade-off must be made between the charge current, cost, and thermal requirements of the charger. Power dissipation with a 5V, 10% input voltage source, 500 mA 10% and preconditioning threshold voltage at 2V is calculated using Equation 6-2. EQUATION 6-2: PowerDissipation = 5.5V - 2V 550mA = 1.925W This power dissipation with the battery charger in the DFN-10 package will raise the temperature approximately 83C above room temperature. 6.1.1.3 External Capacitors 6.1.1 COMPONENT SELECTION Selection of the external components in Figure 6-1 is crucial to the integrity and reliability of the charging system. The following discussion is intended as a guide for the component selection process. 6.1.1.1 Charge Current The recommended fast charge current should be obtained from the battery manufacturer. For example, a 1000 mAh battery pack with 2C preferred fast charge current has a charge current of 1000 mA. Charging at this rate provides the shortest charge cycle times without degradation of the battery pack performance or life. Note: Please consult with your battery supplier or refer to the battery data sheet for the preferred charge rate. The MCP73123/223 is stable with or without a battery load. In order to maintain good AC stability in the Constant Voltage mode, a minimum capacitance of 1 F is recommended to bypass the VBAT pin to VSS. This capacitance provides compensation when there is no battery load. In addition, the battery and interconnections appear inductive at high frequencies. These elements are in the control feedback loop during Constant Voltage mode. Therefore, the bypass capacitance may be necessary to compensate for the inductive nature of the battery pack. A minimum of 16V rated 1 F is recommended for the output capacitor, and a minimum of 25V rated 1 F is recommended for the input capacitor in typical applications. TABLE 6-1: MLCC Capacitors X7R X5R MLCC CAPACITOR EXAMPLE Temperature Range -55C to +125C -55C to +85C Tolerance 15% 15% 6.1.1.2 Thermal Considerations The worst-case power dissipation in the battery charger occurs when the input voltage is at the maximum and the device has transitioned from the Preconditioning mode to the Constant Current mode. In this case, the power dissipation is calculated using Equation 6-1. EQUATION 6-1: PowerDissipation = V DDMAX - V PTHMIN I REGMAX Where: VDDMAX IREGMAX VPTHMIN = = = the maximum input voltage the maximum fast charge current the minimum transition threshold voltage Virtually any good quality output filter capacitor can be used, independent of the capacitor's minimum Effective Series Resistance (ESR) value. The actual value of the capacitor (and its associated ESR) depends on the output load current. A 1 F ceramic, tantalum, or aluminum electrolytic capacitor at the output is usually sufficient to ensure stability. 6.1.1.4 Reverse-Blocking Protection The MCP73123/223 provides protection from a faulted or shorted input. Without the protection, a faulted or shorted input would discharge the battery pack through the body diode of the internal pass transistor. DS22191C-page 22 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 6.2 PCB Layout Issues For optimum voltage regulation, place the battery pack as close as possible to the device's VBAT and VSS pins to minimize voltage drops along the high-currentcarrying PCB traces. If the PCB layout is used as a heatsink, adding multiple vias in the heatsink pad can help conduct more heat to the backplane of the PCB, thus reducing the maximum junction temperature. Figure 6-3, Figure 6-4 and Figure 6-5 depict a typical layout with PCB heatsinking. FIGURE 6-5: Typical Layout (Bottom). MCP73X23EV-LFP FIGURE 6-3: Typical Layout (Top). FIGURE 6-4: Typical Layout (Top Metal). 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 23 MCP73123/223 NOTES: DS22191C-page 24 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 7.0 7.1 PACKAGING INFORMATION Package Marking Information 10-Lead DFN (3x3) Standard * XXXX YYWW NNN Part Number MCP73123-22SI/MF MCP73223-C2SI/MF Code 77HI X7HI 77HI 1048 256 Example: Legend: XX...X Y YY WW NNN e3 * Note: Customer-specific information Year code (last digit of calendar year) Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) Week code (week of January 1 is week `01') Alphanumeric traceability code Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn) This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( e3 ) can be found on the outer packaging for this package. In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 25 MCP73123/223 /HDG 3ODVWLF 'XDO )ODW 1R /HDG 3DFNDJH 0) [[ PP %RG\ >')1@ 1RWH )RU WKH PRVW FXUUHQW SDFNDJH GUDZLQJV SOHDVH VHH WKH 0LFURFKLS 3DFNDJLQJ 6SHFLILFDWLRQ ORFDWHG DW KWWSZZZPLFURFKLSFRPSDFNDJLQJ D N e N L b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page 26 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 /HDG 3ODVWLF 'XDO )ODW 1R /HDG 3DFNDJH 0) [[ PP %RG\ >')1@ 1RWH )RU WKH PRVW FXUUHQW SDFNDJH GUDZLQJV SOHDVH VHH WKH 0LFURFKLS 3DFNDJLQJ 6SHFLILFDWLRQ ORFDWHG DW KWWSZZZPLFURFKLSFRPSDFNDJLQJ 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 27 MCP73123/223 NOTES: DS22191C-page 28 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 APPENDIX A: REVISION HISTORY Revision C (January 2011) The following is the list of modifications: 1. 2. Added two more part numbers in Table 2. Updated the flowchart in Figure 4-1. Revision B (January 2010) The following is the list of modifications: 1. 2. Updated the OVP value for MCP73223-C2S/MF in Table 2. Updated the Battery Short Protection values in the DC Characteristics table. Revision A (July 2009) * Original Release of this Document. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 29 MCP73123/223 NOTES: DS22191C-page 30 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. MCP73123/223 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, contact your local Microchip sales office. PART NO. Device X Temperature Range XX Package Examples: a) b) Single Cell Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Device Single Cell Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Device, Tape and Reel Dual Cell Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Device Dual Cell Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Device, Tape and Reel MCP73123-22SI/MF: Single Cell Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Device MCP73123T-22SI/MF: Tape and Reel, Single Cell Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Device MCP73223-C2SI/MF: Dual Cell Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Device MCP73223T-C2SI/MF:Tape and Reel, Dual Cell Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Device Device: MCP73123: MCP73123T: MCP73223: MCP73223T: a) b) Temperature Range: Package: I = -40C to +85C (Industrial) Consult your local Microchip sales office for alternative device options. MF = Plastic Dual Flat No Lead, 3x3 mm Body (DFN), 10-Lead 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS22191C-page 31 MCP73123/223 NOTES: DS22191C-page 32 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices: * * * Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet. Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the intended manner and under normal conditions. There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip's Data Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code. Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing the product as "unbreakable." * * Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our products. Attempts to break Microchip's code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is provided only for your convenience and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at the buyer's risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims, suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip intellectual property rights. Trademarks The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor, MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. (c) 2011, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Printed on recycled paper. ISBN: 978-1-60932-828-3 Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India. The Company's quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC(R) MCUs and dsPIC(R) DSCs, KEELOQ(R) code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. In addition, Microchip's quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified. 2011 Microchip Technology Inc. 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